This workshop, sponsored by AIM and the NSF, will be devoted to exploring the theory of some nonlinear partial differential equations that appear as fundamental models in statistical mechanics and mathematical physics. Early investigations by Bernoulli, Maxwell and Boltzmann (∼1860) established the foundation of kinetic theory, and resulted in formulating the general equation of continuity, now known as the Boltzmann equation. The mathematical analysis of Boltzmann-type equations has led to decades of significant works, from Carleman in the 1930’s and up to the end of the past century with works by Cercignani, Di Perna, Lions, and many more. Research activity in the field has intesified in recent years, with the last two decades yielding numerous new results in regularity estimates, long time asymptotics, and global well-posedness. A particularly relevant line of research in this field is the study of diffusive integro-differential equations, which in addition to their role in statistical physics, has applications ranging from fluid mechanics to stochastic control and image processing. This workshops will bring together mathematicians working at the forefront of these two lines of research with junior researchers to focus on advancing specific open problems.