Cours et événements pour étudiants en physique - Italie

Ettore Majorana Foundation and Centre for Scientific Culture

Subjecting matter to extreme conditions reveals a multitude of fascinating phenomena, and is applicable to a wide range of disciplines. From the extremophiles that exist in the deepest depths of our oceans to the exotic new materials that are made when atoms are pushed ever closer together, understanding the structure of materials at extreme conditions affects Biology, Chemistry, Physics, Geoscience and Material Science. In order to achieve its goals, high pressure research has been always at the vanguard of technical progress. It is a discipline in which equipment plays a particularly important role. State-of-the-art diamond anvil cells can now achieve megabar ranges of pressure, millions of times atmospheric pressure, with this beaten by an order of magnitude in dynamic compression experiments. In this manner, scientists are able to mimic the conditions in the interiors of giant planets. Nature is even more ambitious, as in the stars petapascal pressures (the order of tens to hundreds billion atmospheres) are reached. In the laboratory, we can even create conditions of pressure, temperature and magnetic fields that are not found naturally, allowing us to complement nature to explore more exotic phases of matter. Therefore, the course will cover broad ground in the application of extreme conditions crystallography. The topics will span from fundamentals of high-pressure single crystal and powder diffraction, to presenting the many flavors of static and dynamic compression, to reviews of sources for extreme conditions work (synchrotrons, neutrons and free electron lasers). Complementary experimental (Mössbauer spectroscopy, X-ray magnetic circular dichroism, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, inelastic scattering) and computational methods will also be discussed. Diffraction analysis on the structure of liquids, glasses and nanocrystalline materials as well as multigrain crystallography will also be introduced. The lectures will be harmonized with the related sessions of interactive tutorials, providing hands-on experience to the attendees. These workshops will be focused on basic laboratory skills and the elements of data processing software related to the high pressure

Periodic order is the sine qua non of crystallography. Yet sometimes it is the departure from order that is crucial for material function. Proteins, frustrated magnets, photovoltaics, battery materials, high-temperature superconductors — there are many examples of important systems where disorder of one sort or another plays a pivotal role. Crystallographically, the signature of disorder is the existence of a diffuse component to the scattering function, usually orders of magnitude weaker than the conventional Bragg scattering. The advent of intense radiation sources, the development of revolutionary detector technologies, and the ready availability of high-performance computing have collectively transformed our ability to measure and interpret diffuse scattering from disordered crystals. As a result, scientists across many disciplines — from biochemistry to condensed-matter physics — are discovering all sorts of new types of disorder and importantly, all sorts of new ways in which disorder is critical for function. This course will cover the background necessary to measure and interpret diffuse scattering from disordered crystals. Its contents span the theory of diffraction and diffuse scattering, the practicalities of its measurement, and the many different approaches taken to its interpretation. The programme is loosely split into two strands – one with a focus on materials chemistry & physics and the other concerned mostly with protein dynamics. Collectively, the course will cover the various origins of diffuse scattering (e.g. dynamics, compositional/displacive disorder, magnetic disorder), and its form in both single-crystal and powder samples. There will be extensive discussion of real-space interpretations, including the well-known pair distribution function (PDF) and its variants (e.g. 3D-ΔPDF). These lectures will draw on and highlight key scientific discoveries from the recent literature. In parallel to the lecture course, the course will offer a broad selection of tutorials and workshops that will cover many of the key analysis approaches: such as molecular dynamics, Monte Carlo simulations, the Debye equation, small-box and big-box atomistic modelling.

Lake Como School of Advanced Studies

Réseaux de neurones et intelligence artificielle, apprentissage automatique,    Soft computing, algorithmes évolutionnaires, domaine des métaheuristiques, logique floue

Lake Como School of Advanced Studies

Sociologie,    Psychologie

Electron dynamics governs a wide range of important effects in nanoscience. Nanoclusters, as important testbed systems for exploring and developing quantum size effects, novel materials, and reaction pathways, exhibit a range of phenomena which are highly sensitive to electron mobility, response, transfer, emission and attachment, direct and exchange interactions, correlations, etc. The aim of the present workshop is to bring together researchers in adjacent fields in order to examine recent and future developments and to enhance the connection between different branches of research. To keep the discussion focused, it will concentrate on free clusters and related systems. The program will include invited talks, selected oral presentations, a poster session and ample time for individual discussions. It is especially hoped that graduate and diploma students, postdoctoral researchers, and anyone who is interested in the interdisciplinary richness of the subject will benefit from the Workshop.

Metallic, molecular and ionic clusters, Optical properties and spectroscopy, Storage rings, traps, laser cooling, Collisions, scattering, reactions, Excited states and relaxation, Attachment and evaporation, Quantum fluid clusters, Solvated electrons, Nanomagnetism

The meeting is being jointly organised by the muon group at the University of Parma in Italy and the ISIS muon group at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in the UK. It will cover all aspects of the use of muon spectroscopy in condensed matter, materials and molecular sciences, while also considering applications of muons in other areas, such as nuclear physics, cultural heritage and the study of single event failures arising from the irradiation of microelectronics.

Magnétisme, Spintronique,    Matériaux quantiques, basses températures

University of Genova, Department of Physics

The school, organised by the Department of Physics of the University of Genova, Italy, within the ‘Dipartimenti di Eccellenza MIUR’ project, is primarily aimed at Ph.D students interested in optical astronomy. The lectures will cover: science with optical telescopes in the multi-messenger era, with examples from ongoing and future experiments and links to multi-disciplinary topics, hardware and software for optical telescopes, a practical hands-on session with a 80-cm robotic telescope, featuring joint observations with other telescopes throughout Italy. A flash-talk session, where all participants will have the chance to show their work, will also take place.

Organizing Committee;     Email.: astroschool@unige.it

optical astronomy, telescopes

Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro and INFN Sezione di Bari

The School is oriented to PhD students, master students and young researchers, and aims to provide a privileged vision of quantum optical technologies, from quantum imaging and metrology to quantum communication, computing, and simulation, with both a theoretical and an experimental perspective.

Mécanique quantique et l'information quantique,    Optique et lasers

Lake Como School of Advanced Studies

Systèmes complexes et chaos,    Mécanique quantique et l'information quantique

The School is a six day full immersion school aimed to give advanced and higher education in mass spectrometry to graduate, PhD, post-doc students and all those working in different areas of science, ranging from physics, chemistry, biosciences, food, environment, to omics sciences, medicine, interested to improve their knowledge and education in mass spectrometry.

Cours et événements pour étudiants en chimie,    Spectroscopie de masse, chromatographie et résonance magnétique nucléaire

Galileo Galilei Institute